CIS 184 030                                                          Test 3                                                                     Chapter 8

 

24 June, 1999                                                      _____________________________________ Name

 

 

1.  What is IIS? Why would I use IIS? And what services does IIS handle?

IIS--Internet Information Server is a service that enables your computer to provide standard Internet service. IIS 2.0 is included with NT 4.0. IIS provides several advantages over other methods of publishing. It has built-in IP addressing filtering (using ISAPI -- Internet Server Application Programming Interface -- filters). It can restrict access to NT domain users only by using encrypted passwords, has the ability to add server extensions as a DLL (instead of a separate process that has to be launched every time someone hits the page, Active Server Page. If you want a method of providing information to your network, an IIS server could be implemented to do just that.

 

Its primary services include: WWW, FTP, Gopher publishing

 

2.   What is LPD? What does it do? And why would I want to use LPD?

 

Line Printer Daemon : The LPD server is implemented as a service.   It allows you to share a printer with other operating systems like UNIX.  The LPD receives print jobs from LPR clients. The LPR clients are usually UNIX systems, however LPR software is included with most TCP/IP stacks.

 

The process of moving print files from the queue to the physical printing device in NT is handled by a monitor.   When  you want to connect to a LPD server, you must create a printer (unless you want to redirect).

 

          Configuring the LPR port on the Ports tab of the Printer properties (see pp. 190 - 191)

 

               Open Ports tab of Printer properties

               Choose Add Ports

               If TCP/IP Printing Services have been installed you will see LPR Port option,

               select this option and click on New Port button

               put in host name (or IP Address)

               enter name of printer and click ok

 

          Sharing Your Printer Using LPD ( LPD server is implemented as a service). There are two steps involved in sharing your printer using LPD services;

 

               Under Sharing tab of Printer properties select shared and type in share name: keep it simple and short (long filenames not accepted by all OS's)

               Once you've shared the printer, you need only to start the LPD service in services (see p. 192 fig 10.8)

 

3.    What is DHCP? What does DHCP do? And why would I use it?

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically configures IP addressing for each host as they logon to a DHCP network. You can control various configuration depending on the option you use.  Using DHCP to automatically configure IP addressing information means users no longer need to acquire IP addressing information from an administrator to configure TCP/IP. The DHCP server supplies all the necessary configuration information to all DHCP clients. Therefore, the most difficult-to-trace network problems are eliminated by using DHCP.

 

DHCP server maintains pools of IP addresses called scopes.  At least one scope must be created before DHCP clients can obtain IP addresses.  Overall, less administrative work in the long haul.  You can move computers from different subnets without having to reconfigure the TCP/IP properties of that host.

 

DHCP provides an alternative to manually assigning IP addresses to computers. DHCP automatically assigns, or leases, IP addresses to hosts from a centrally managed pool, thus keeps the administrator from having to assign all the IP addresses for each individual hosts/ node.   Windows NT fully supports this standard and NT hosts can be configured to act as DHCP servers and clients. Very few hosts require fixed IP addresses, those that do are usually your routers and DNS servers because these devices (addresses) are frequently used as configurations on hosts. Such as the default gateway or the DNS server.

 

Benefits to DHCP

DHCP lets administrators specify groups of IP addresses called scopes. These scopes lease IP addresses to the clients, depending on which subnet they're on. When the host is configured to obtain its IP address from a DHCP server, it is automatically assigned an address from a DHCP scope appropriate for its current subnet. DHCP provides less administrative hassles and new machines can be added to the network without assigning dedicated IP address.  DHCP allows a small pool of addresses to serve a larger number of nodes, if all machines are not used at once.

DHCP is centrally managed, therefore administrators can manage many characteristics.  Meaning, DHCP can be configured to send appropriate DNS and WINS server addresses and assign default gateway addresses to the clients configuration.  It is simple to install and very practical.

 

Disadvantages to DHCP

The disadvantages to DHCP include the necessity of managing the address pool, the potential for conflicts between DHCP-assigned and manually-assigned addresses. DHCP requests are not passed through a router unless it has been specifically configured to forward them. 

 

Very Brief summary of how DHCP works

the client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message, requesting an IP address lease from DHCP server. 

any DHCP server that receives the message respond with DHCPOFFER messages. 

the client selects on of the offered leases (always first one offered in NT), then sends the server a DHCPREQUEST message

the DHCP server responds to the request by broadcasting a DHCPACK message (acknowledgment of request), assigns addresses and client has address and ready to access the network

 

4.   What is DHCP Boot Relay Agent? And when would I use DHCP Relay Agent?

 

DHCP requires the client needing an address be able to perform a broadcast, not a NetBIOS broadcast, but rather a BOOTP broadcast.  Most routers can forward BOOTP broadcast, in cases where they cannot, you need the DHCP Relay Agent to handle the process by acting as a go-between, accepting the BOOTP broadcast and forwarding the request to a DHCP server somewhere on the network (a different subnet)

 

 DHCP requires the client requiring an address be able to perform a broadcast (BOOTP broadcast). Most routers can forward BOOTP broadcasts. However, if the router cannot forward the BOOTP (BOOT Protocol), the Relay Agent handles the process by acting as a go-between, accepting BOOTP broadcast and forwarding the request to a DHCP server on the network.

 

DHCP Relay Agent is installed by default in NT server. To configure the relay agent, select the DHCP Relay tab in the TCP/IP properties dialog and specify the IP address of the remote DHCP server. The computer will then monitor DHCP broadcasts in the local subnet and forward them to the appropriate address. This only needs to be done on one computer on that given subnet.

 

5.   What is WINS? What does WINS do? And why would I use it?

Wins resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses. When you work with NetBIOS names, the standard naming service is WINS, which is a NetBIOS name service. If WINS wasn't present, the computer trying to enter the network attempts to register itself by broadcasting messages on the local network. If no computer challenges the name, the computer establishes itself on the local network and announces itself. You do not need a WINS server if you have a single network (no routing). Broadcast messages do not cross routers, thus the need for a WINS server in a multiple segmented internetwork.

 

WINS provides a way to integrate NetBIOS naming conventions with TCP/IP. NetBIOS over TCP/IP provides a way to disseminate NetBIOS names throughout an internetwork (the NetBIOS name service--UDP port 137)

 

WINS can work with DNS server(s).

 

How does WIN work, briefly discussed?

when client initializes, it sends a NAME REGISTRATION REQUEST message to primary WINS server if WINS server has already registered the same name to another client, it sends a POSITIVE NAME REGISTRATION RESPONSE message, specifying how long the name will live (TTL)

after 50 % of TTL has expired, the client attempts to renew the registration by sending a NAME REFRESH REQUEST message when client needs to resolve a NetBIOS name, it sends a NAME QUERY REQUEST message to WINS server when the client shuts down, it sends a NAME RELEASE REQUEST to the server and receives a NAME RELEASE RESPONSE releasing the name.

 

6.   What is DNS? And why would I want to use DNS? And why would I use it?

 

DNS (Domain Name Server) enables computers running WinSock applications to resolve host names easily by sending a query to a central server.  It resolves a hostnames to a Fully Qualified Domain Name.  If you are accessing the Internet, you will need to have a DNS server.

 

It is a distributed database of host- and domain-name-to-IP-address mappings that is used to provide name resolution services for TCP/IP client applications.

This service enables you to find other computers on the network when you are not using NetBIOS networking.  DNS is a standard for host name resolution and the standard for name resolution on the Internet and is used locally in many networks too.

 

How does DNS work, briefly discussed?

the DNS client sends a host name to the server, and receives an IP address in response. Host names can range from simple machine names on a local network to subdivided names such as training.microsoft.com 

DNS is base on an hierarchal structure (top-level domain name (TLD)). An entire host name with its TLD is referred to as a FQDN, Fully Qualified Domain Name. An example of an FQDN is www.hotmail.com

TDL Names are:

Domain

Purpose

COM

Commercial organizations

EDU

Educational organizations

ORG

Organizations (usually non-profit)

NET

ISP

GOV

US Government organizations

MIL

US Military organizations

INT

International organizations

US, CH

Geographic domains

 

 

 

 

Extra Credit:

 

1.  Describe the steps I need to take to add a Network Adapter to NT Server? (5 points)

 

 

See Text, page 139 Adding a Network Adapter

 

 

 

2.  How do  I configure an NT Server to operate as an IP router? (3 points)

 

                You need at least 2 NICs in computer and then on the Routing tab in TCP/IP properties make sure that Enable IP Forwarding is checked.